The Cycles of Time - Atlantis Revisited

The greek philosopher, Plato, brought to the world, the story of the lost continent of Atlantis. His story began to unfold for him around 355 B.C. He wrote about this land called Atlantis in two of his dialogues, Timaeus and Critias, around 370 B.C. Plato stated that the continent lay in the Atlantic Ocean near the Straits of Gibraltar until its destruction 10,000 years previous.


Timaeus begins with an introduction, followed by an account of the creations and structure of the universe and ancient civilizations. In the introduction, Socrates muses on the perfect society (as described in Plato's Republic) and wonders if he and his guests could come up with a story which puts this society into action. Critias mentions an allegedly historical tale that he would make the perfect example, and follows up by describing Atlantis in the Critias. In his account, ancient Athens represents the "perfect society," and Atlantis, its opponent, represents the opposite of the "perfect" traits described in the Republic. Critias claims that his account of ancient Athens and Atlantis stems from a visit to Egypt by the Athenian lawgiver Solon in the 6th century BC. In Egypt, Solon met Sonchis, a priest of Thebes, who translated the history of ancient Athens and Atlantis, recorded on pillars in Egyptian hieroglyphs, into Greek.

According to Critias, the Hellenic gods of old divided the land so that each god might own a lot; Poseidon was appropriately, and to his liking, bequeathed the island of Atlantis. The island was larger than Libya and Asia Minor combined, but has since been sunk by an earthquake and became an impassable mud shoal, inhibiting travel between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. The Egyptians described Atlantis as an island approximately 700 km across, comprising mostly mountains in the northern portions and along the shore, and encompassing a great plain of an oblong shape in the south "extending in one direction three thousand stadia [about 600 km], but across the center inland it was two thousand stadia [about 400 km]."

Fifty stadia inland from the middle of the southern coast was a "mountain not very high on any side." Here lived a native woman with whom Poseidon fell in love and who bore him five pairs of male twins.

The eldest of these, Atlas, was made rightful king of the entire island and the ocean (now the Atlantic Ocean), and was given the mountain of his birth and the surrounding area as his fiefdom. Atlas's twin Gadeirus or Eumelus in Greek, was given the easternmost portion of the island which also lay at its northern extreme facing Gades, a town in southern Spain.

The other four pairs of twins - Ampheres and Evaemon, Mneseus and Autochthon, Elasippus and Mestor, and Azaes (possibly the Azores) and Diaprepes - "were the inhabitants and rulers of divers islands in the open sea."

Poseidon carved the inland mountain where his love dwelt into a palace and enclosed it with three circular moats of increasing width, varying from one to three stadia and separated by rings of land proportional in size. The Atlanteans then built bridges northward from the mountain, making a route to the rest of the island. They dug a great canal to the sea, and alongside the bridges carved tunnels into the rings of rock so that ships could pass into the city around the mountain; they carved docks from the rock walls of the moats. Every passage to the city was guarded by gates and towers, and a wall surrounded each of the city's rings. The walls were constructed of red, white and black rock quarried from the moats, and were covered with brass, tin and orichalcum, respectively.
According to Critias, 9,000 years before his lifetime, a war took place between those outside the Pillars of Hercules and those who dwelt within them.

The Atlanteans had conquered the Mediterranean as far east as Egypt and the continent into Tyrrhenia, and subjected its people to slavery. The Athenians led an alliance of resistors against the Atlantean empire and as the alliance disintegrated, prevailed alone against the empire, liberating the occupied lands. "But afterwards there occurred violent earthquakes and floods; and in a single day and night of misfortune all your warlike men in a body sank into the earth, and the island of Atlantis in like manner disappeared in the depths of the sea." Plato claimed it was somewhere outside the Pillars of Hercules, now known as the Strait of Gibraltar.

Modern scholars generally regard Plato's description of Atlantis as an invention, though its kernel may have been formed from hazy memories of historical events such as the Thera eruption. However, in antiquity, there were a few philosophers, geographers, and historians who believed that Atlantis was real.

For instance, the philosopher Crantor, a student of Plato's student Xenocrates, tried to find proof of Atlantis' existence. For his opinions we are dependent on Proclus' commentary on the Timaeus, written in the 5th century AD. Proclus reports that Crantor said he had travelled to Egypt and seen the same columns on which Plato had seen the history of Atlantis, written in hieroglyphic characters.

Plato's account of Atlantis may have also inspired parodic imitation: writing only a few decades after the Timaeus and Critias, the historian Theopompus of Chios wrote of a land beyond the ocean known as "Meropis." This description was included in Book 8 of his voluminous Philippica, which contains a dialogue between King Midas and Silenus, a companion of Dionysus. Silenus describes the Meropids, a race of men who grow to twice normal size, and inhabit two cities on the island of Meropis: Eusebes ("Pious-town") and "Machimos" ("Fighting-town"). Hans-Gknther Nesselrath has argued that these and other details of Silenus' story are meant as imitation and exaggeration of the Atlantis story, for the purpose of exposing Plato's ideas to ridicule.

Zoticus, a Neoplatonist philosopher of the 3rd century AD, wrote an epic poem based on Plato's account of Atlantis.

The 4th century AD historian Ammianus Marcellinus, relying on a lost work by Timagenes, a historian writing in the 1st century BC, writes that the Druids of Gaul said that part of the inhabitants of Gaul had migrated there from distant islands. Ammianus' testimony has been understood by some as a claim that when Atlantis sunk into the sea, its inhabitants fled to western Europe; but Ammianus in fact says that the Drasidae (Druids) recall that a part of the population is indigenous but others also migrated in from islands and lands beyond the Rhine" (Res Gestae 15.9), an indication that the immigrants came to Gaul from the north and east, not from the Atlantic Ocean.

Another passage from Proclus' 5th century AD commentary on the Timaeus gives a description of the geography of Atlantis: "That an island of such nature and size once existed is evident from what is said by certain authors who investigated the things around the outer sea. For according to them, there were seven islands in that sea in their time, sacred to Persephone, and also three others of enormous size, one of which was sacred to Pluto, another to Ammon, and another one between them to Poseidon, the extent of which was a thousand stadia; and the inhabitants of it they add preserved the remembrance from their ancestors of the immeasurably large island of Atlantis which had really existed there and which for many ages had reigned over all islands in the Atlantic sea and which itself had like-wise been sacred to Poseidon. Now these things Marcellus has written in his Aethiopica".

However, Heinz Gunther Nesselrath argues that this Marcellus, who is otherwise unknown, is probably not a historian but a novelist.

An important Greek festival of Pallas Athene, the Panathenaea was dated from the days of king Theseus. It consisted of a solemn procession to the Acropolis in which a peplos was carried to the goddess, for she had once saved the city, gaining victory over the nation of Poseidon, that is, the Atlanteans. As Lewis Spence comments, this cult was in existence already 125 years before Plato, which means that the story could not be invented by him.

The historian Ammianus Marcellinus wrote that "the intelligentsia of Alexandria considered the destruction of Atlantis a historical fact, described a class of earthquakes that suddenly, by a violent motion, opened up huge mouths and so swallowed up portions of the earth, as once in the Atlantic Ocean a large island was swallowed up. Diodorus Siculus recorded that the Atlanteans did not know the fruits of Ceres. In fact, Old World cereals were unknown to American Indians. Pausanias called this island "Satyrides," referring to the Atlantes and those who profess to know the measurements of the earth.

He states that far west of the Ocean there lies a group of islands whose inhabitants are red-skinned and whose hair is like that of the horse. (Christopher Columbus described the Indians similarly.) A fragmentary work of Theophrastus of Lesbos tells about the colonies of Atlantis in the sea. Hesiod wrote that the garden of the Hesperides was on an island in the sea where the sun sets.

Pliny the Elder recorded that this land was 12,000 km distant from Cadiz, and Uba, a Numidian king intended to establish a stock farm of purple Murex there. Diodorus Siculus declares that the ancient Phoenicians and Etruscans knew of an enormous island outside the Pillars of Heracles. He describes it as the climate is very mild, fruits and vegetables grow ripe throughout the year. There are huge mountains covered with large forests, and wide, irrigable plains with navigable rivers. Scylax of Caryanda gives similar account.

Marcellus claims that the survivors of the sinking Atlantis migrated to Western Europe. Timagenes tells almost the same, citing the Druids of Gaul as his sources. He tries to classify the Gallic tribes according to their origins and tells of one of these claiming that they were colonists who came there from a remote island.

Theopompus of Chios, a Greek historian called this land beyond the ocean as "Meropis". The dialogue between King Midas and the wise Silenus mentions the Meropids, the first men with huge cities of gold and silver. Silenus knows that besides the well-known portions of the world there is another, unknown, of incredible immensity, where immeasurably vast blooming meadows and pastures feed herds of various, huge and mighty beasts. Claudius Aelianus cites Theopompus, knowing of the existence of the huge island out in the Atlantic as a continuing tradition among the Phoenicians or Carthaginians of Cadiz.

Perhaps the Byzantine friar Cosmas Indicopleustes understood Plato better than the ancient and modern "Aristotelians", says Merezhkovsky.

In his Topographia Christiana he included a chart of the (flat) world: it showed an inner continent, a compact mainland surrounded by sea, and this was surrounded by an outer ring-shaped continent, with the inscription, "The earth beyond the Ocean, where men lived before the Flood." The Garden of Eden is placed in the eastern end of this continent.






Francis Bacon's 1627 novel The New Atlantis describes a utopian society, called Bensalem, located off the western coast of America. A character in the novel gives a history of Atlantis that is similar to Plato's, and places Atlantis in America. It is not clear whether Bacon means North or South America.

In middle and late 19th century, several serious Mesoamerican scholars, starting with Charles Etienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, and including Edward Herbert Thompson and Augustus Le Plongeon proposed that Atlantis was somehow related to Mayan and Aztec culture.

During the late 19th century, ideas about the mythical nature of Atlantis were combined with other lost continent myths such as Lemuria by popular figures in the occult and the growing new age phenomenon.
Helena Blavatsky, the Grandmother of the New Age movement, writes in The Secret Doctrine that the Atlanteans were cultural heroes (contrary to Plato who describes them mainly as a military threat), and are the fourth "Root Race", succeeded by the Aryan race.

In the 19th century Blavatsky gave impetus to the idea of an Atlantic continent running through the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. She gave some brief history of its inhabitants, identified its location, the times of the sinking of the larger part of the continent, and the time of the last submergence of its principle remaining island. She also specified some land still in existence as land today that was part of Atlantis then. She gave various cultural arguments for its existence. The science of her day was quite inhospitable to the idea of a continent in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean because it was committed to the idea of extreme gradualism. It was Blavatsky who brought the attention of the western world to Atlantis. This has been almost entirely overlooked. Blavatsky mentioned Atlantis in her introductory book, Isis Unveiled published in 1877. The book was sold out on the first day of its release to the public.

Five years later Ignatius Donnelly published his well researched "Atlantis: Antediluvian world". He is usually given credit as the "Father of modern Atlantis research". No doubt from the close time connection, he was inspired by Blavatsky. She should be acknowledged as the inspiration of the modern Atlantis movement. In 1888 Blavatsky published her magnum opus, The Secret Doctrine. This is a difficult work - but most seminal. It is encyclopedic. In it she gives many more details of Atlantis.

Her most specific comment showed a knowledge of the Ocean bottom unheard of by anybody in her time. Notably Challenger discovered the Mid-Atlantic ridge. At Tristan D'Hunca the ridge had become so small as to be undetectable by their method. Blavatsky asserted that if it could be traced further it would be found to continue around under Africa and up into the Indian Ocean. Today we have confirmed the Ridge continues exactly as she claimed as a tectonic plate boundary.

Blavatsky asserted that Atlantis had been centered on the Mid-Atlantic ridge. She said that Plato - as an initiate required by pledge to withhold certain information - had purposefully combined the older larger continent sized land mass with what was the remaining island. We see evidence of this combining if we examine the Greek and the English.

She also asserted that the larger land mass had extended over a much larger area and even reached from the Western Hemisphere to the African continent. So the recent discoveries of a possible Atlantis-style civilization off Cuba are included in her view of Atlantis. The discoveries in the Atlantic support her view. She asserted that references to Atlantis abound around the world's older nations. That was unexpected and highly "undocumented" in her time. Now those have been traced and found.

In 1940, Lewis Spence published the now classic "Shadow of Atlantis". Indeed Atlantis had cast its shadow just as she had claimed. In 1882, one of her teachers had written a letter to Sinnett and given the exact year of the sinking of Atlantis. It was 9,564 BC. Now, more than one century later, hard science has averaged together time estimates from many scientific sources and obtained a date that is very close to the date given in 1882. This scientific estimate is detailed in Cataclysm.

The Piri Reis Map enters into the controversy over Atlantis, especially in considering the view that Atlantis was in Antarctica. That map could only have been made with knowledge of how the Earth looks from a high altitude. Blavatsky had asserted that the Atlanteans know of flying machines and that knowledge of such machines had passed on to the Hindus. The odd fact of the high altitude of the Piri Reis maps confirms her statement. In the Secret Doctrine, Blavatsky had noted the relevance of "Phaeton" or "Typhon". Now the scientific evidence has placed very meaningful particular importance on these "myths". Blavatsky also asserted that there had been much prior civilization prior to Atlantis.

We are at the close of the cycle of 5,000 years of the present Aryan Kali Yuga or dark age. This will be succeeded by an age of light. Even now under our very eyes, the new Race or Races are preparing to be formed, and that is in America that the transformation will take place, and has already silently commenced. This Race will be altered in mentality and will move toward a more perfect spiritual existence.

That the periodical sinking and reappearance of mighty continents, now called Atlantean and Lemurian by modern writers, is not fiction will be demonstrated. It is only in the 20th century that portions, if not the whole, of the present work will be vindicated. A world destruction as happened to Atlantis 11,000 years ago... instead of Atlantis all of England and parts of NW European coast will sink into the sea, in contrast, the sunken Azores region, the Isle of Poseidonis, will again be raised from the sea. Lemuria was destroyed by fire. Atlantis was destroyed by water- the Flood and the destruction of the fourth race and of the last antediluvian monster-animals.

Aleister Crowley wrote an esoteric history of Atlantis, although this may be intended more as metaphor than as fact.

The concept of Atlantis also entered National Socialist (Nazi) theory through Theosophy and Anthroposophy. In 1938, Heinrich Himmler organized a search in Tibet to find a remnant of the white Atlanteans. According to Julius Evola (Revolt Against the Modern World, 1934), the Atlanteans were Hyperboreans - Nordic supermen who originated on the North pole. Similarly, Alfred Rosenberg (The Myth of the Twentieth Century, 1930) spoke of a "Nordic-Atlantean" or "Aryan-Nordic" master race. (Nordic aliens)
According to Julius Evola (Revolt Against the Modern World, 1934), the Atlanteans were Hyperboreans, Nordic supermen, who originated on the North pole.

Similarly, Alfred Rosenberg (The Myth of the Twentieth Century, 1930) spoke of a "nordic-atlantean" or "aryan-nordic" master race.
In the mid-1940s, J. R. R. Tolkien reshaped his legendarium to contain elements of an Atlantis myth . The Lord of the Rings (1954/5) contains only obscure references to this, and the myth was published only posthumously, in the Silmarillion (1977).

Jane Roberts' work also contains references to Atlantis.
Rudolf Steiner wrote of the cultural evolution of Atlantis.



Edgar Cayce first mentioned Atlantis in a life reading given in 1923, and later gave its geographical location as the Caribbean, and proposed that Atlantis was an ancient, now-submerged, highly-evolved civilization which had ships and aircraft powered by a mysterious form of energy crystal. He also predicted that parts of Atlantis would rise in 1969. The Bimini Road, a submarine geological formation just off North Bimini Island, discovered in 1968, has been claimed by some to be evidence of the lost civilization (among many other things) and is still being explored today.

Before the time of Eratosthenes about 250 BC, ancient Greek writers located the Pillars of Hercules on the Strait of Sicily. This changed with Alexander the Great's eastward expansion and the Pillars were moved by Eratosthenes to Gibraltar. This evidence has been cited in some Atlantis theories, notably in Sergio Frau's work.

Thule, in the Greek and Roman mythologies, is a place, usually an island, in the far north, perhaps Scandinavia. It was first mentioned by the Greek geographer and explorer Pytheas of Massalia (present-day Marseille) in the 4th century BC. Pytheas claimed that Thule was six days north of Britain, and that the midsummer sun never set there. Thule is sometimes seen to have some commonality with Atlantis.

As continental drift became better understood and accepted during the 1950s, most "Lost Continent" theories of Atlantis were shown to be impossible. In response, some recent theories propose that elements of Plato's story were derived from earlier myths.


Long ago there was an planet called Atlantis which housed a civilization of highly evolved beings. Their planet was destroyed about 90,000 years ago. Many fled to Earth, living on the surface of the planet or above in spaceships. The population was approximately seven and a half million people.

Crystals played a major role in their lives. Atlanteans had many subterranean tunnels which contained giant fire crystals, their main source of power. These were quartz crystals - 20 feet tall X 8 feet in diameter - three crystals set in triangular patterns. Giant copper rods conducted energies from crystals creating a grid which had various purposes. Cities were domed with force fields of energies, set into place containing the vibrations of the atmosphere to the many large buildings. A main healing temple was circular with a 60 foot diameter. The domed ceiling contained dozens of crystals that were not so much used for healing and balance to ward off illness. A Temple of Sound was used to aligned the body's energy centers (chakras).

The Pyramids of Atlantis were three sided and generally made of crystals. They were used as antennas to draw and amplify energies from the universe. There were about 100 of these edifices. They were set up in various triangulation patterns all over the planet. They set a global grid work of magnetic energy dividing the planet into different geographic magnetic centers -for population concentration - and to hold the planet in its orbital path. Most of these pyramids, physically do not exist any more. Those that do exist are buried in different areas. The centers where the pyramids exist energetically draw people to them for magnetic initiation - a total alignment of etheric crystalline centers for healing. Pregnant women were placed in a chamber for 24 hours where a crystal sent information of a higher frequency to the fetus.

Children remained with their parents for the first two years of their lives. They were then taken to a central compound where they lived all together with group mothers who raised the children. All of the children got to play with all of the parents every day. There was no child abuse or feelings of lack of love. At adulthood children did not have guilt to care take parents. Psychologically parents and children were far more adjusted then they are today.
People lived in communities of attached homes, their design based on the use of the building and geometric construction. The tallest building was about 12-14 stories high. Healing centers were triangular in shape. Average buildings were 2-3 stories high. Communication was telepathic, verbal, or tones. Large quartz crystals often amplified the frequencies and vibrations.

When a person was old and their body could no longer function - they would lie down and go to sleep - never to wake again. That person's soul had peace in its relationship with God and understood that the soul would return. There was no fear of death. The physical body is nothing more than a manifesting consciousness tool of the soul. It is the vehicle through which the soul expresses. When the soul is finished what it is here to do it can leave. It is within our capacity to close our eyes and for the soul to leave. There is no reason to have prolonged illness and suffering. That is just part of the soul's fear of leaving.

Biogenetic experiments created mythological beings; mermaids, Cyclops, gargoyles, etc.
Duality existed. Negativity and pole shifts caused the downfall of Atlantis.



Atlantis existed almost 250,000 years from its first age to its final days, the last of its islands going beneath the seas around 9,000 years ago. This means that if you reincarnated into the Earth realms during the past quarter million years, the odds are high that you lived in Atlantis for one or more lifetimes. Since the culture of Atlantis existed through nearly 10 grand cycles of the precession of the equinoxes, you may have spent literally hundreds of lives in Atlantis or its colonizes.

Cycles repeat, and the same stellar energies that governed the last days of Atlantis have come full cycle again. Atlantean souls began returning to Earth during the past century in numbers significant enough to affect the development of many nations on Earth--especially technological nations such as Germany, the United States, England, and Russia. Atlanteans embarked on a project that took more than 100 of our current years to complete. Far from their Atlantean homelands in a region they knew to be safe from the Earth changes-- they built a time capsule--a message to help future humans understand what had happened. They knew the mistakes they had made for themselves at that time. But it was too late to stop the destruction, for the greater Earth changes had already come, destroying their homelands and the great civilizations they had built.

They knew earth changes would surely happen again, as the precession reached its apex once more, 13,000 years hence. They built their time capsule to last--to warn future generations in time to avoid the mistakes the Atlanteans made, and save civilization from destruction. The Atlantean time capsule was not merely a building but a "machine" of sorts--and instrument which could foretell when the same fate would come to those of the future-- the people of the 20th century. This is the Great Pyramid in Giza, Egypt.

The Great Pyramid was constructed over 12,500 years ago. It is an Atlantean instrument conceived by Ra, a priest from the land of Dar, and engineered by Thoth (Hermes) from Atlantis. Construction was carried out by a work force of native Egyptians and the black races of people known as the Nubians and Zuleans who occupied the east and west banks of the southern Nile River.

If the cycle is to repeat --the changes will come swiftly and without warning. In Atlantis 95% of the population was lost to the waters.

Going back in time some 225,000 years-as time is reckoned from the present--we meet the entity Om, the great leader of an ancient race known as At-el, preparing to meet not only his own destiny but the destiny of the world. Living in the region we now know as Tibet, the At-el are primitive by our standards. They are a brave and noble culture of hunter-gathers, small in stature, compared to the race of giants who dominate the Earth at this time.
The At-el have skin the color of bronze, with deep penetrating eyes, that are black or gray. They are similar in appearance to the Native Americans that lived in the Mississippi basin at the turn of our 18th century. They stand, on average, only about 5 and 1/2 feet tall, though their heads are larger, even, than ours today.

The At-el people lived in small family clans that banded together, making up the single tribe. These clans have evolved directly from soul groups--entities who are reincarnated lifetime after lifetime into the same families--though to be sure, new souls do enter, so the clans continue to grow in size, over time, and new clans are often created.

During this time in Earth's history, the consciousness of humanity is much different than ours today. Where today our individual memories are built up in us from birth, such is not the case with At-el, for they are a group-memory race of people. Each member of each At-el clan is deeply connected to their specific soul group incarnate. The total memories of the clan are accessible to each individual in the clan, and is from birth. As each clan member experiences new things, these are added-- or remembered --within the collective consciousness of the clan.
Individual thought is also present in the At-el people, but only as it interacts with their share of memories. The group-memory of each clan flows and swells constantly - each experience is accessible to all, and owned by no one.

Now, the collective memories of one clan--or soul group-- of the At-el can not be felt or seen by those in other clans, except for the rare individual who has the gift of this unusual ability. The entity Om is such a person, and as such, he is considered to be a leader of the people. With his great knowledge and memory of all the clans, he may speak for the tribe to mother Earth, and to all the elements, which the At-el see as Gods.

It is during the festival dedicated to the element fire-- on the 10th full moon in the 13 lunar months of the At-el year - that Om will experience something like no other At-el, indeed, like no other entity on Earth, has ever experienced at a festival, or anywhere else for that matter. At festival time, the collective joyful memories are often induced amongst clan members, not unlike our experience of sharing an album of family pictures with friends and family, laughing together and remembering the good times had by all. The whole tribe congregates at festival time, creating, for once, a new experience of love and joy that can be shared by everyone.

For the 'celebration of fire', the largest hut --the At-el temple--is set up to receive the congregation, and a large stone altar is placed in the center. Wood and crushed stones have been prepared the previous day, and are now placed into the stone basin at the foot of the altar and lit.

The leader, Om, enters the altar area, and begins his dancing and chanting. It is in this manner that Om usually leads the tribe to dance and chant and after some time signals the rest to join with him. As the chanting increases in power, Om begins to receive visions from the 'collective memories' of all the clans present. When Om receives these memories at the festival, he is able to pass them on to others-- his visions become their visions. This is taught by the At-el's to be a gift from their Gods, the great elements.

At this particular festival of fire, Om dances and chants, and as the others join in, the air is thick with the images and joyful memories that flow from clan to clan throughout the festival circle, and a great happiness comes over all of those in attendance.

For even when an At-el memory contains negative images, it is always interpreted as positive in the end. Even in facing death, a clan member is seen to be overcoming obstacles through his or her strength, bravery, or stealth. And back through the generations of the clans, each act is remembered with fierce pride and good feelings.
As the images begin to fade this time, something startling happens. Om begins to receive new memories--memories foreign to him and all of the clan of At-el. Those who share his thought cry out, because they do not understand what they are seeing. The joyous dancing and chanting stops abruptly. These visions are not from the group memories at all! These are images of places and people never seen before - these are not of the At-el.
Nothing like this has ever happened before, and for once, the At-el are afraid. Some of the people run from the temple. Others stand motionless, tears running down their faces. Many look to Om for guidance. Where had these visions come from? What are they? Om, does not know, but he is not afraid. His strength clams the people who witness it, and this spread-- as group-memory--to the rest of the clan's people. And one by one those who remained, slowly back away from Om and out of the temple.

After the festival, the tribe goes on with daily life as if nothing has occurred. The memory of what happened has been stored away in the clan's consciousness - safely out of mind until invoked at some future festival, when once again that which is not of one's own soul group may be shared by all. Only Om is left with the strange vision still lingering in his mind. And like all wise leaders, he is thoughtful, and waits.

One lunar cycle having passed, the next festival commences-- the festival of air. As he has many times before, Om begins the celebration by chanting and dancing. The group-memories come to him, as always, and the others begin to experience the shared imagery of the tribe. This time, however--just as it occurred during the festival of Fire--images of strange people, their lands, and their homes fill the minds of the At-el clans people. As the vision unfolds, they recognize Om in the foreign place, and witness the strange, tall people bowing down to him--a symbol of respect for his power-- and the fear that had been presented in the clans is gone.

With this experience, a new seed of consciousness has evolved, not only in At-el, but in all the races of the world. For time is not linear, but circular; memory is not only a link to the past, but to the future as well. From this point forward, each clan member would be able to recall events yet to come--through Om's connection--and thereby become part of his new memory. Om does not understand entirely what is occurring, but now that he has seen himself in the images, he knows that what he has seen is the future, not an alternate past, and that he must be patient to learn what to do next. It is his job to lead his people forward, to meet the strangers in the dream visions,and so meet with his destiny.

The temple is prepared for the water celebration, and a large stone bowl is placed in the center of the hut. Water from the mountain streams has been placed in the basin, and the ceremonial ladles, carved of wood, rests along side it. From these ladles, each clan member will drink to the element water, sharing in its bounty.

Om enters the altar and begins his dance and chant. A strange look comes over him, and all those in attendance watch him with curiosity. No one joins in. As Om continues to dance, his chanting voice filling the temple, images unlike any he has seen before once again flood his mind. Quiet and motionless, all of the people of the clans of At-el share his sight. Om sees some of the tall, almost giant people of his two previous visions, and a strange building that seems to move and sway on a great body of water such as never been witnessed by the At-el.

Om is present once again, and he lives in the floating building with the giant people. There are many At-el present too. Abruptly, the vision changes and the large entity wearing clothing totally foreign in style speaks to Om. He says that Om is now about to embark on a now marvelous quest. Once completed, his journey will enable all of the world to enter an age of joyful coexistence, and the great elements will be in harmony with all tribes everywhere.

The entity in Om's vision instructs him to take half the At-el tribe---1,555 clans people---on a journey that will lead to a new land located in the middle of a great sea. In order to do this, however, they must first travel far into the west, to an unknown land called Zu.

There they are to meet a strange-looking people who sometimes live in even stranger-looking buildings that move upon the water. Upon arriving in Zu, situated on the coast of what we now call the Arabian Sea, Om will meet the leader of the Zu people, and from there he and the At-el who traveled with him will be guided to the new land.
Om and his followers leave on the next lunar cycle, at the time of the festival of Earth. It is the height of the celebration, but Om is not presiding. The evolution of consciousness has already begun, and there are now others to lead the chanting and dancing for those that are left behind. It is understood that this parting is joyous, and the clans that are staying behind wish well to the ones who are going away. The travelers set out of their homeland on foot, under a full moon. Years will pass before they reach their destination.

The summer zenith and a bright, full moon usher Om, and his surviving followers into the foreign land they seek. At the coast, they are met by the Zulean people of the visions. They are a tall, black-skinned people, with high foreheads, deeply recessed penetrating brown eyes, and large lips. The colossal Olmecs statues--still found in the world today--closely resemble the ancient race of Zu.

Although the Zu are at first fearful of the strange visitors, Om and the other At-el clans people are quickly welcomed into the Zu culture. The leader of the Zu, called Un Towee, has experienced a prophecy describing Om and his followers, and instructs him to aid them when they arrived.

The Zu are a kind and loving, family-oriented people, who live by the sea in a large colony. Beautiful gardens dot the landscape, and children everywhere are engaged in a game using long, thin stick and a hard ball made for the sap of large tress found in the surrounding hillsides. The sport is to hit the ball into a ring fixed on a pole at the center of each game site. Compared to the harsh terrain of the At-el homeland, this is a lush land.

Om and Un Towee find between themselves and instant kinship, and plans are quickly made for the journey ahead. While six full cycles of the moon come and go, the Zu--experienced seafarers and boat builders--construct a large sailing vessel for Om and his tribe. The ship, a yawl by today's definition, can carry all of Om's people, plus a contingency of 13 Zuleans--one for each month of the year. These 13 are chosen to accompany the At-el as navigators and sailors, and to discover with them this still unknown New World.

On the first new moon, at the exact moment the darken moon reaches its highest point in the sky, Om and his shipmates set sail for the narrow body of water we now call the Red Sea. At this point, it must be understood that the world of Om's time is geographically much different than our own. From the Red Sea, it is possible to navigate directly into what we call the Mediterranean, and then on into the great Atlantic Ocean, where the land that is the final destination of his vision inspired quest lies waiting.

Six lunar months after their departure, the explorers pass into thestraits, today called Gibraltar, and head due west. With the sun rising behind the ship in the morning of the next full moon, theZulean lookout sights land and calls out to those down below.

Om and his people crowd to the railing to behold the distant shoreof a mighty continent. Today all that remains of this great land are the tiny islands we know as the Azores.When the ship reaches its destination and drops anchor some 500 yards from the shore, all aboard--Zuleans and At-el alike--await the next high tide so that they may disembark. They prepare themselves for landing in this new uncharted land bypraying, and by purifying themselves with smoke and oil-baths.

At high tide, they put shore in long boats. On the beach, they conduct a ceremony in reverse to the element water; and as Om and his people are from the land of the At-al, they name this new land At-el-an.

Ec-Kar is a fifth-level initiate, High Priest of the Educational Presidium, and teacher at the most famous University of Atlantis - Ata-Ruumn. It located on the coast of the city of Poseidia. Poseidia is one of the five large island kingdoms of Atlantis. It is known for its riches, culture, and temples of wisdom. Thousands arrive daily to but, sell, and trade goods, and to attend cultural activities.

He is a man in his eighteenth cycle - each cycle consists of seven years. He is short for Atlantean, standing at 5 feet 6 inches tall, has bronze colored skin, balding head, ad a long white beard. He wears white robes and papyrus-reed sandals. He is telepathic and can manifest before his students at will.

Lesson one:
The 'Hall of Ages' where Ec-kar has taught his students about their Atlantean heritage and origins.

Lesson two:
In the 'Hall of Sciences' - Ec-kar has taught collective thought.

Lesson three: Lemuria
Ec-kar's students consider Lemuria their Motherland. He teaches them that it was in Lemuria that the colonization of Atlantis first began. The Lemurians were like thought projections, not physically solid. It made them higher in frequency and closer to the Creator's energy vibration level. Their souls came to Earth to experience the physical vibration. They were large in stature, about nine feet tall. Their skin had an aqua cast changing from blue to green in conjunction with two seasonal cycles each year. Their faces were elongated and oval. Their eyes were large with lids running vertically. The texture of their skin was slightly scaly. They breathed through their skin, not lungs. The temperature of the planet, the atmosphere, the light and the orbits of the other planets were much different then. The first Lemurians were androgynous, neither male nor female.

It all began with the projection of 144 soul groups - representing the projection of 33 million souls. Some of the souls came from the 'Red Planet'.

Some groups chose water, some the plant, mineral, or animal kingdoms. The greater experiments were with the animal kingdom as this realm allowed for longer life spans and greater mobility. The Earth had giants and elves. Some came from the stars and projected into physical form, Pleiades and Sirius. They came in space craft different than those of the Atlanteans, called Valix.

Lesson four:
The Creator formed all souls in his image, as spiritual beings. As the souls reached out to experience different realities they began to define themselves by groups, according to their particular experience. Within this structure each soul group had the ability to chose the physical form it wished to express. Once a soul group was chosen, the soul groups were able to increase their numbers by replicating themselves, much as a single celled life-form divides again and again. Each cell remains a portion of, and a duplicate of, the original.

Ec-Kar teaches that the Earth has seen many civilizations - some of who have come from other worlds to learn and experience.


Lesson Five: Hall of Images
A virtual-reality library where all Atlantean history may be accessed as holographic imagery.
The sea fills the Halls of Ata-Ruumn, bringing with it the aroma of fresh oranges, just delivered by-transport from the colonies. Students move briskly through the corridors, disappearing into respective halls. Ec-kar's pupils wait at the entrance to the Hall of Images. At the appointed time, their teacher arrives, and they follow him silently into the Hall.

It is a huge room--a perfect cube, one hundred feet in every direction--and fashioned from limestone blocks. Ec-Kar bows gently to his students, acknowledging their presence, and moves directly to a control instrument on one side of the great room. Without a word, he places his hands over a panel carved with strange symbols his students have never seen before.

He selects one of the symbols and passes his small chubby hands over it; an expectant silence fills the Hall. Following Ec-kar's gaze they turn towards the center of the room, watching as the bright clear light gradually appears in the empty air at the middle of the space. As the light grows in intensity, colors appear and radiate outward, up to the ceiling, - a hundred feet high - and out to the walls, bathing the students and Ec-Kar in a rainbow glow. In a matter of seconds the light disappears, suddenly replaced by what appears to be an enormous, and very solid, dome-shaped structure.

Some of the students turn towards their teacher questioningly unable to accept what is occurring. Others just stare. The dome is a golden vision, slowly rotating, as if barely floating above the floor. The massive structures seems immovable; yet, it has materialized from thin air and it spins, propelled by an unseen force. To these students, many from less advanced cultures of their regions, what appears before them is unbelievable. For here in the grand Hall of Images, is the secret of Atlantis' power - the Dome of Light.

Ec-Kar moves slowly towards the dome, and upon reaching it, turns to face his class. "My friends, the purpose of our visit to the Hall today is to prepare you for a different type of journey than any of you have ever experienced. At our last meeting, I said that you would have an opportunity to recall your soul's journey through many lifetimes. But in order for this to occur, you must first be well-prepared for such a journey - just as many of you prepared for your travels from the distant lands you call home to At-Ruumn."

Ec-Kar is standing only a few feet from the Dome of Light. Although the class now understands that the dome is only a holographic image, it still looks very real, and the size of it - hovering as it does behind Ec-kar - seems rather menacing, dwarfing their teacher's otherwise imposing stature.

He continues. "For thousands of years, the Dome of Light has enabled our land to enjoy its great riches. And while we have shared many of the fruits derived from this technology with those outside our land, we cannot share its specific engineering principles. Shortly, you will understand why. But, in order to comprehend what I am about to share with you, you will need to stretch your minds to accept possibilities which are, perhaps, beyond your wildest imaginings.
"Let us begin today's lesson. For every energy there is an equal and opposite energy. Just, as the day brings light, the opposite is true for night. Now, between light and dark there is a neutral, or transference point. It is within this transference point that the secret technology of the Dome of Light may be found.

Let us look at one of Nature's marvelous examples of the energy transference, gravity. The Earth receives various emanations from the sun and sends back to the sun its opposite force. The gravity we all take for granted on Earth is one effect of the rays moving through the sun - Earth continuum.

"The Dome of Light works in a similar fashion by capturing and holding the energy at the moment of transference between star energy and its converted opposite. The captured energy is stored in containment chambers buried deep beneath the Dome to use any way we choose."

Ec-Kar pauses, to see that the class understands, before he continues.

"Through the tuning devices we use aboard our Valix craft, and in our homes and buildings, the Dome of Light transmits the power generated via ultraviolet waves, thus propelling our ships, cooling and heating our cities, or allowing for communications. The power is immediately transferred, whatever the need. However, there is a dark side to this great invention as well, for it is also a weapon of imaginable power.

"Now, please observe that the dome is golden in color. It is constructed from poured granite and lined with an organic material capable of containing the enormous energies accumulated inside.
"Watch now what happens to the top portion of the dome."

Ec-Kar returns to the panel, makes an adjustment at the controls, and the image reacts. Slowly, an opening appears in the top center of the dome and a green light flow into it from above.
"You are now viewing the Dome of Light in operation. I this way, it captures the solar emanations within its field.
The students watch the hologram in amazement, as Ec-kar continues his lessons.
"The reason we are here is not only to introduce you to Atlantean technology, but to let you experience another benefit of this great power - soul travel.

Together, as time- travelers, we will now return to a period of history when this Dome of Light was used to create what - even now - you would consider miracles. Realize that these 'miracles' are still possible today, but due to your caste system they are not available to any of you, your families, or indeed your countries. In fact, even my own caste position enforces certain restrictions pertaining to this technology. This is simply the way of things.
"While relatively small, the image of the Dome that you now look upon represents, nevertheless, a power source unequaled on our planet. This technology is trusted only to those in the Energy Ministry caste. Since its invention, it has brought both miracles, and destruction to not only our land, but the world. I tell you this, my friends, so that you may understand that with power comes responsibility - one that we as a nation did not always follow."

A student raises her hand.

"Yes, Ma-Riel?"

"I have observed the Valix craft many times, and that is does not have an operator of any type. How can this be? And how is it that it runs so silently, floating above the ground as it does? Those my from country say it is magic, and that the Atlantean magicians are to be feared."

Ec-Kar moves closer to the class as he responds. "Ma-Riel, that which is misunderstood often creates fear. 'Magic' is merely a way of explaining what is feared . . .the unknown."

"How does the Valix, the people-transporter, work?" asks Ma-Riel.

Ec-Kar responds, "The Valix, and indeed all Atlantean technologies, operate through the Dome of Light. Each transport-vessel draws energy from the nearest Dome. Once accessed, power is transferred to the 'motivational instruments' inside the Valix craft. Amplifiers are embedded throughout the outer skin of the vessel, and these circuits create an opposing gravitational force that interacts with the Earth. This lifts the craft. For most uses, the Valix are automated and follow preprogrammed routes. No operator is required."

Jalaum for the Ur, raises his hand and asks, "Ec-Kar, is there a distance limit for the transporters?"
"For ground transports, remote operation is possible to the horizon. For air transports, the outer atmosphere is the only limitation for the ring of the Domes created in our land serve as a network. Each contains the others."

"The Dome of light was originally designed to communicate with intelligences existing in alternative realities, and ultimately, with the Creator."

"Did this work?" asks another student.

"Yes. We were able to follow a departed Atlantean from the moment of his death to his next reality. We broke contact only just prior to his return to Earth in a new incarnation. You must realize that the Dome of Light, while it may appear to be a marvel to you, is simply an instrument that allows us to do what our ancestors accomplished with the power of only their minds. For in the early days of Earth, we were much closer to the Creator."

"What other ways is the Dome of Light used?" asks a pupil named Panter.

Ec-Kar gesturing to the east, says, "Though we are but a few minutes walk from the ocean here, the temperature outside is quite high today. Yet it is comfortable 70 degrees everywhere within these Halls! As I have shared, light has its opposite, and energy exists in both, so is the case in all Nature. Through a process called hysteresis, the temperature is controlled to a very fine degree. The same process is used in all Atlantean structures - from the Valix transporters, the homes and buildings."
"Are there educational uses? can the Dome make us smarter?" asks Du-Ta-Rahn.

"Intelligence is made up of ingredients, like a cake. Is it part genetic, part experience, part diet, part environment, and part soul-development. All of these parts, however, can be overridden by will. Your will. Do not ever allow yourself to be confused on this important point: whatever you will yourself to do or to be, you shall become. It is one of the divine laws of Nature.

"There are several educational uses for the Domes. Depending upon an individual's caste, for example, the Textile Ministry may allow for a robe of learning to be assigned. These are woven so as to make the wearer into a receiver. Information, which is beamed throughout the 'Dome network' each day by the Presidium, is amplified by the robe's fibers.

These couple directly with the body's neuro-pathways or meridians. The short-term memory zones are stimulated, and the information impresses upon them. If the wearer recalls a particular piece of that new information within the day, it is transferred to a middle-zone, and finally, the individual continues to work with the new information. If he does not work with it, it will fade, just as dreams do. For this is the same portion of the brain used by the souls to review its daily experiences, what we learn we must use, and practice, in order to keep it.

Legend:
Around 1860, a well-known French Egyptologist Marquis d'Argain discovered a strange looking ring in the excavations of the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. The ring, several thousand years old, was adorned with geometric ornaments which were placed and balanced according to some very special arrangement. According to d'Argain, the ring originated in the ancient city of Atlantis.

Another famous Egyptologist, Arnold de Belizal, later inherited the ring. He was a well-known expert in radiesthesia, the science concerned with the energy of shapes. De Belizal's found that the ring emits electromagnetic waves capable of creating 'energy fields' which work as a force of energy. This energy protected the wearer, gave him increased psychic abilities and the ability to heal, and brought the person good luck.

One of the famous people who were convinced about the protective properties of the Atlantis Ring was an British archeologist Howard Carter, who felt that because he wore the ring he survived all other participants of the expedition investigating the grave of Tutankhamun.

Today one can find, and buy, copies of what is believed to be the original Atlantis Ring.

Atlantis Ring is a metaphor for the spirals/rings/harmonics of consciousness that move between our grid reality and that of the Atlantean program.

Rings are archetypes for 'circles of completion'.

The phrase 'Atlantis Rings' - looks much like 'Atlantis Rising' - the return of consciousness to higher grid harmonics - tones - when Atlantis rings.

Theories about Atlantis, mention the extensive use of crystals by Atlanteans. Crystals varied in slight, color, and harmonic frequencies. Crystals follow harmonic frequencies and could be used with an instrument that looks like a tuning fork.

Atlanteans allegedly harnessed the energies of the pyramids, using harmonics linked to crystals to that end. As we have the Great Pyramid at the center of the planet linked to the grid matrix that creates our reality, so, too, did the Atlanteans. Their pyramid allegedly sunk to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean which is a metaphor about returning to the collective unconsciousness or source of creation. Reality is a Consciousness Hologram.

Atlantean Seed Crystals were allegedly flawless and grown as we grow flowers today.

Atlantean crystals received power from a variety of sources, including the Sun, the Earth's energy field grid system or from each other. Grids point are often marked by pyramids. The Atlanteans used this energy, combined with crystals, to transmit energy from one pyramid to another or, as aliens, to enter and leave the planet.

Depending on the tilt of the Earth's axis at a particular time of the year, one pyramid would function to intensify and transmit energies to other pyramids which would then act as receiving devices and would disperse energy as it was needed. The opposite would apply when that pyramid was at an unfocused point to their celestial alignment, when other pyramids would be used as transmitters. It was an intricate matrix crystal grid system.


- Healing, childbirth, crossing over
- Meditation, awakening, increasing psychic abilities
- Increasing mental capacity and clarity of thought
- Science and technology
- Dematerialization - teleportation - telekinesis
- Magnetic force fields
- Libraries - storing records and other knowledge, much like a computer
- Botany and agriculture
- Weather Control
- Huge crystal tower power generators
- Communication - Crystals have the ability to transfer energy, to retain it, to maintain its intensity, to focus and transmit it over great distance to similar receivers as are equal or comparable to the transmitter. The larger stones, called Fire Crystals, were the central receiving and broadcasting stations, while others acted as receivers for individual cities, buildings, vehicles and homes. On a higher spiritual level, rooms made of crystals were places where the Initiates left their bodies in the Final Transcendence, often never to return.



One of the most detailed descriptions of the Atlantean use of a mysterious instrument called the Great Crystal was given by Edgar Cayce, who mentioned it many times. The crystal, he said was housed in a special building oval in shape, with a dome that could be rolled back, exposing the Crystal to the light of the sun, moon and stars at the most favorable time. The interior of the building was lined with non-conducting metal or stone, similar to asbestos or bakelite, a thermosetting plastic.

The Crystal itself, the Tuaoi Stone, or Firestone, was huge in size, cylindrical in length, and prismatic in shape, cut with six sides. Atop the crystal was a moveable capstone, used to both concentrate incoming rays of energy, and to direct currents to various parts of the Atlantean countryside. It appears that the Crystal gathered solar, lunar, stellar, atmospheric and Earth energies as well as unknown elemental forces and concentrated these at a specific point, located between the top of the Crystal and the bottom of the capstone.

The energy was used for various purposes. In the beginning it was used as purely a spiritual tool by initiates who could handle the great energy. The early Atlanteans were peaceful people. As they developed more physical material bodies, they used the crystal to rejuvenate their bodies and were able to live hundreds of years while maintaining a youthful appearance.

Later the Great Crystal was put to other uses. Currents of energy were transmitted throughout the land, like radio waves, and powered by these, crafts and vehicles traversed the land, through the sky and under the sea at the speed of sound.

By utilization of other currents originating from the Great Crystal, the Atlanteans were also able to transmit over great distances the human voice, and pictures, like modern television. In the same manner, even heat and light could be directed to specific buildings or open arenas, giving illumination and warmth by seemingly invisible means.

In this timeline, in the Bermuda Triangle, on the ocean bottom where the ruins of Atlantis now exist, the energy build-up in the sunken and damaged Fire Crystals can periodically trigger materialization of anything.






As the story goes ... the people of Atlantis had many warnings before the continent sank (the Atlantean program ending). Prior to closure, crystals were allegedly used to store information which would be found in our timeline by those who programmed them. These crystals contained the original star codes for the Atlantean program. Once found, the crystals would be used as a means of helping them remember. But if all is happening in the NOW, than we are in a parallel situation, though Atlantis seems like thousands of years ago. Our souls are experiencing in both grid programs simultaneously and the crystals are our spiraling DNA moving consciousness between realities to experience and learn.

The Bimini Road, sometimes called the Bimini Wall, is an underwater rock formation near North Bimini island in the Bahamas. The Road consists of a 0.8 km (0.5 mile) long northeast-southwest linear feature composed of roughly rectangular to subrectangular limestone blocks.


History
On September 2, 1968, while diving in three fathoms (5.5 meters) of water off the northwest coast of North Bimini island, J. Manson Valentine encountered an extensive pavement of what later was found to be noticeably rounded stones of varying size and thickness.

This stone pavement was found to form a northeast-southwest linear feature, which is most commonly known as either the Bimini Road or Bimini Wall. After Valentine, the Bimini Road has been visited and examined by geologists, avocational archaeologists, professional archaeologists, anthropologists, marine engineers, innumerable divers, and many other people. In addition to the Bimini Road, investigators have found two additional Òpavement-likeÓ linear features that lie parallel to and shoreward of the Bimini Wall.


Physical Characteristics
The Bimini Wall and two linear features lying shoreward of it composed of flat-lying, tabular, and rectangular, subrectangular, polygonal, and irregular blocks. Descriptions of the Bimini Road found in various books and articles greatly exaggerate the regularity and rectangularity of the blocks comprising these features.

The Bimini Road, the largest of three linear features, is 0.8 km (0.5 mile) long a northeast-southwest trend feature with a pronounced hook at its southwest end. It consists stone blocks measuring as much as 3 to 4 meters (9 to 13 feet) in horizontal dimensions with the average size being 2 to 3 meters (6 to 9 feet).

The larger blocks show complementary edges, which are lacking in the smaller blocks. The two narrower and shorter, approximately 50 and 60 meters (164 and 197 feet) long linear features lying shoreward of the Bimini Road consist of smaller tabular stone blocks that are only 1 to 2 meter (3 to 6 feet) in maximum horizontal breadth. Having rounded corners, the blocks comprising these pavements resemble giant loaves of bread.

The blocks consist of limestone composed of carbonate cemented shell hash that is called beachrock. Beachrock is native to the Bahamas. The highly rounded nature of the blocks forming the Bimini Road indicates that a significant thickness of their original surface has removed by biological, physical, and chemical processes. Given the degree that these blocks have been eroded, it is highly implausible that any original surface features, including any tool marks and inscriptions, would have survived this degree of erosion.

After a very detailed examination of the Bimini Road and the other linear features, Gifford and Ball made the following observations.

1. The three features are unconnected at the southwest end; scattered blocks are present there but do not form a well-defined linear feature connecting the seaward, middle, and shoreward features.

2. No evidence exists anywhere over the three features of two courses of blocks, or even a single block set squarely atop another.

3. Not enough blocks lie in the vicinity of the three features to have formed a now-destroyed second course of rocks.

4. Bedrock closely underlies the entire area of the three features (fig. 5), eliminating the possibility of excavations or channels between them.

5. Indications are that the blocks of the inner and middle features have always rested on a layer of loose sand. No evidence was found of the blocks being cut into or founded on the underlying bedrock surface.

6. In areas of the seaward feature where blocks rest directly on the bedrock surface, no evidence was found of regular or symmetrical supports beneath any of the blocks.

7. We saw no evidence on any of the blocks of regular or repeated patterns of grooves or depressions that might be interpreted as tool marks.

8. The inner and middle features are continuous only over a distance of about 50 meters. Though the seaward feature extends several hundred meters farther to the northeast, it too is not well founded or continuous enough to have served as some kind of thoroughfare.

These observations are disputed by other investigators. For example, some investigators state that where sand had washed away between the seams, another course of blocks can be seen along with small blocks underlying these blocks. However, detailed evidence that clearly documents the alleged presence of a continuous second layer (course) of stones beneath the stones forming the currently exposed pavement has not yet been published in a reputable, scientific venue with the detail that is needed for critical evaluation.

Pictures posted on various web pages of stones alleged to be artificial "wedge stones" and "prop stones" fail as convincing evidence for a second course of stones because they typically smaller in size, do not form a continuous course, and too infrequently lie directly beneath the blocks that form the surface of the Bimini Road. This is not what would be expected of an actual underlying course of manmade masonry.

In addition, early studies of the Bimini Road, i.e. Gifford and Ball and David Zink, report taking numerous samples and cores for examination. In addition, it is safe to presume that a certain number of the innumerable visitors to the Bimini Road have chipped off pieces of it. Scientific sampling and souvenir hunting would have left behind modern "tool marks" on the various blocks comprising the Bimini Road for later investigators to find.

Age of the Bimini Road
Attempts have been made to determine the age of the Bimini Road using different techniques. These attempts include direct radiocarbon dating of the stones composing the Bimini Road and Uranium-thorium dating of the marine limestone on which the Bimini Road lies.

In 1978, the radiocarbon laboratory operated by the Department of Geology at the University of Miami dated samples from a core collected by E. A. Shinn in 1977 from the Bimini Road. In 1979, Calvert and others[8] reported dates of 2780±70 (UM-1359), 3500±80 (UM-1360), and 3350±90 (UM-1361) from whole rock samples; a date of 3510±70 (UM-1362), from shells extracted from the beachrock core; and dates of 2770±80 (UM-1364) and 2840±70 (UM-1365) from carbonate cementing the beachrock core.

These dates are temporally consistent in that the shells comprising the beachrock core from the Bimini Road dated older than the cement holding them together as beachrock. These dates can be interpreted as indicating that the shells comprising the Bimini Road are, uncorrected for temporal and environmental variations in radiocarbon, about 3,500 years old. Because of time-averaging and other taphonomic factors, a random collection of shells likely would yield a radiocarbon date that is a few hundred years older than when the final accumulation of shells, which were cemented to form beachrock, actually occurred.

The radiocarbon dates from the cement demonstrate the beachrock comprising the Bimini Road formed about 2,800 radiocarbon years ago by the cementation of pre-existing sediments that accumulated about 1,300 years earlier. Compared to the dates from the shells and the cement, it appears that the whole rock dates reflect samples containing varying proportions of shell and cement without any significant contamination by younger radiocarbon.

Both these dates and interpretation are consistent with the detailed research by Davaud and Strasser that concluded that the layer of beachrock comprising the Bimni Road formed beneath the surface of North Bimini Island and was only exposed by coastal erosion about 1,900 to 2,000 years ago.

Proponents of the Bimini Road being a manmade feature argue that these radiocarbon dates are invalid because they were obtained entirely from whole rock samples and subject to contamination from younger carbon.

The background data reported by Calvert and others concerning the radiocarbon dates from the Bimini Road demonstrate that not all of these dates come entirely from whole rock samples.

That the dates from the shells and the clearly younger cement holding them together as beachrock are temporarily consistent argues against any signification alteration of their radiocarbon content. In addition, other studies using radiocarbon dating to study sea level and the age of sediment and beachrock within the Bahamas have not reported any significant problems with contamination by younger radiocarbon.

In their detailed research, Davaud and Strasser accepted the radiocarbon dates obtained from the beachrock comprising the Bimini Road from the radiocarbon laboratory at the University of Miami as valid indicators of its age.

Gifford and Ball attempted to establish a minimum age using Uranium-Thorium dating for the Bimini Road by dating a whole rock sample of the marine limestone (biopelsparite) that underlies the beachrock that comprises the Bimini Road. They described this sample as being "Whole rock marine limestone under beachrock off Paradise Point, North Bimini; some recrystallization." This sample yielded a Uranium-Thorium date of 14,992±258 BP (7132-19/2). Supporters of the idea that the Bimini Road is manmade structure frequently cite this date in support of it being artificial.

The Uranium-Thorium date published by Gifford and Ball is regarded as an invalid and meaningless date for two reasons. First, because the sample is partially recrystallized means that this limestone sample was not a closed system as required for a meaningful Uranium-Thorium date. As a result, this specific date is only an apparent date that completely lacks any scientific value for interpreting the age of marine limestone underlying the age of the Bimini Road.

Currently, specific species of corals and mollusks that can be demonstrated to lack any recrystallization using petrographic and X-ray diffraction techniques are the preferred samples for dating. Currently, any limestone sample that shows the least amount of recyrstallization is now regarded as incapable of yielding a scientifically valid date and not even worth an attempt at dating.

Finally, it is well documented that about 15,000 calendar years ago, sea level in this region was between 95 and100 meters (312 and 330 feet) below present sea level.

As a result, the location from where Gifford and Ball collected the sample of limestone was between 90 and 95 meters (295 and 312 feet) above sea level at the time indicated by the Uranium-Thorium date of 14,992±258 BP (7132-19/2).

Therefore, it is physically impossible for the marine limestone underlying the Bimini Road to have accumulated around 15,000 BP. Thus, this Uranium-Thorium date is a meaningless, invalid date lacking any scientific significance. Because this Uranium-Thorium date clearly lacks any scientific meaning, geologists and archaeologists rarely mention it in their discussions of the Bimini Road. The marine limestone underlying the Bimini Road dates to the Sangamonian Stage, the last interglacial, when sea level was last high enough for the marine sediments, now lithified into limestone, to have accumulated.


Geological Explanation
The consensus among conventional geologists and archaeologists is that the Bimini Road is a natural feature composed of beachrock that orthogonal and other joints have broken up into rectangular, subrectangular, polygonal, and irregular blocks.

The geologists and anthropologists, who have personally studied the Bimini Road, include Eugene Shinn of the U.S. Geological Survey; Marshall McKusick an Associate Professor of Anthropology at University of Iowa; W. Harrison of Environmental Research Associates, Virginia, Beach Virginia; Mahlon M. Ball and J. A. Gifford of the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami; and Eric Davaud and A. Strasser of the Department of Geology and Paleontology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

After either inspecting or studying the Bimini Road, they all concluded that it consists of naturally jointed beachrock. John A. Gifford, a professional geologist, spent a significant time studying the geology of the Bimini Islands for his University of Master's thesis about the geology of the Bimini Islands. Calvert and others identified the samples that they dated from the Bimini Wall as being natural beachrock.

Detailed studies by E. Davaud and A. Strasser of Holocene limestones currently exposed on North Bimini and Joulter Cays (Bahamas) reveal the sequence of events likely responsible for creating beachrock pavements like the Bimini Road. First, a complete beach sequence of shallow subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal carbonate sediments accumulated as the shoreline of North Binimi built seaward during part of the Holocene.

Once the deposition of these sediments built the North BiminiÕs shoreline seaward, freshwater cementation of the carbonate occurred at some depth, possible even a meter or so below sea level, beneath the islandÕs surface. This cementation created a band consisting of a thick primary layer of semilithified sediments and thinner discontinuous lenses and layers of similar semilithified sediments beneath it.

Later, when erosion of the islandÕs shoreline occurred, the band of semilithifed sediment was exposed within the intertidal zone and the semilithified sediments was cemented into beachrock. As the sediments underlying the eroding shoreline was eroded down to Pleistocene limestone, the beachrock broke into flat-lying, tabular, and rectangular, subrectangular, polygonal, and irregular blocks as observed for modern beaches within the Bahamas by E. Davaud and A. Strasser.

Thinner layers of beachrock underlying the primary bed of beachrock were also broken up as the loose sediments enclosing them and the thicker primary bed were eroded. As the loose sediment was scoured out from under the blocks and other pieces of beachrock by called 'scour and settling processes', they dropped downward in depth by several meters until they rested directly on the erosion resistant Pleistocene limestone as an erosional lag. Eugene Shinn discusses a similar, but not identical, process by which the Bimini Road could have been created.

The downward movement of large solid objects by scour and settling processes has been documented by Jesse E. McNinch, John T. Wells, and other researchers. They concluded that large heavy objects could sink into the sea bottom by several meters without significant lateral movement as the result of scour and settling processes if an erosion resistant layer of sediment was not encountered. In case of the beachrock blocks comprising the Bimini Road and other pieces underlying it, the erosion resistant layer that limited how far they were dropped downward by scour and settling processes is the Pleistocene limestone on which they now rest.

Finally, pieces of thinner layers or lenses of beachrock underlying the primary bed that was broken up and dropped downward to create the Bimini Road would be trapped beneath the blocks as they also where broken up and dropped by erosion.

The trapping of these fragments of beachrock beneath the blocks comprising the Bimini Road as erosion removed loose sediments and dropped them on the surface of the Pleistocene limestone the blocks of the Bimini Road on top of them would have created the so-called 'prop' and 'wedge' rocks and blocks alleged to be a 'second course' of masonry.

Presuming that the blocks of beachrock forming the Bimini Road originally formed at some unknown depth below sea level and have been dropped by erosion by several meters, dating the age of the Bimini Road by its relation to past sea level would be a useless dating technique that will produce misleading results.

Natural pavements composed of stone blocks, which often are far more rectangular and consistent in size than the blocks composing the Bimini Road, created by orthogonal and other jointing within sedimentary rocks, including beachrock, are quite common and found throughout the world.

They include a popular tourist attraction, the Tessellated pavement of Eaglehawk Neck, Tasmania; jointed bedrock that has been completely misidentified as a manmade "Phoenician Fortress and Furnace" in Oklahoma; a Òtiled pavementÓ reported from Battlement Mesa in western Colorado; the tesselated pavement of the Bouddi Peninsula near Sydney, Australia; and Arches National Monument in Utah.

Natural beachrock pavements that are identical to the Bimini Road have been found eroding out of the east shore of Loggerhead Key of Dry Tortugas and submerged beneath 90 meters of water at Pulley Ridge off the southwest coast of Florida.


Claims of a Human Origin
According to Ancient Alien Theory Atlantis is a submerged city built hundreds of thousands of years ago by aliens who visited the planet.

Although it is generally considered to be a naturally occurring geological feature, as a result of the unusual arrangement and shape of the stones some believe the formation is the remains of an ancient road, wall, or some other deliberately constructed feature.

For example articles published in Argosy (an American pulp magazine) and either authored or coauthored by Robert F. Marx, a professional diver and visitor to the Binimi Road, argued that the Bimini Road is an artificial structure.

In the 1971 Argosy article, Robert Marx reported that Dr. Carl H. Holm, who was President, not "head geologist" as reported by Marx, of Global Oceanic; once a manager for North American Rockwell; a ship designer; and retired naval officer stated that there was "little doubt" that the massive stone blocks were cut by people.

The same article noted that he was part of an expedition sponsored by North American Rockwell that included Edgar Mitchell, the astronaut, as leader; Dimitri Rebikoff; and "a number of psychics from the Edgar Cayce Foundation."

Given the complete lack of citations to this research in GeoRef, JSTOR, Web of Knowledge, and other scientific bibliographic databases, neither the data collected from nor the interpretations and conclusions made as a result of this expedition very likely have been publicly reported in a scientific venue where their credibility can be openly evaluated.

Others who consider the Bimini undersea formation to be man-made, as opposed to natural beachrock, are Joseph Manson Valentine, zoologist, Charles Berlitz, linguist, Gregory Little, psychologist, R. Cedric Leonard, anthropologist, and Dimitri Rebikoff, French marine engineer.

All claim to have investigated the ruins in person, and claim to have observed more than one horizontal layer of blocks, at least in places. However, multiple layers of block can result naturally from systematic fracturing of sedimentary where multiple layers of sedimentary lie on top of each as can be observed in case of the tessellated pavement of Tasmania exposed at the Eaglehawk Neck on the Tasman Peninsula.

Friday, July 14, 2006, the Syfy Channel aired a two-hour special, "Declassified: Quest for Atlantis: Startling New Secrets." It featured the research of 3 teams of respected archaeologists and explorers, in different parts of the world, who truly believe that have located Atlantis and are presenting new evidence to support their theories.

Host Natalie Morales, an NBC correspondent, joined the teams on a first attempt to pull all of the pieces together using high tech science, historical research and paranormal powers to answer the question ... Did Atlantis actually exist? This is a good insert to move consciousness forward. The quest to find Atlantis is the quest to find the truth about our origins.

Science and metascience are merging ... At last, At-lantis ... the grid programs understood. Science and technology, growing awareness, raising frequency of thought and consciousness, time appearing to move faster while it is actually slowing down to zero point, are allowing us to rediscover the 'mission feeling' and our ancestral roots.

Many topics were covered during the program. Here are a few highlights.

The program explored the work of Zecharia Sitchin, which goes to ancient astronauts and archaeological discovered across the globe that tell the story of humanity.

Author and alternative historian, Michael Tsarion, gave his theories that go to the grid story of aliens coming to Earth after their planet was destroyed about 50,000 years ago. They are portrayed as both grays and humanoids. He believes they interfered with the indigenous populations on this planet as part of a biogenetic experiment, breeded with them. Many people have spun this tale.

Science :: About 30,000 years ago, humans began a rapid unexplained advance in all areas. This reflects new inserts in the program. Again we go to DNA codes and reality as a biogenetic experiment. We are getting there.

Take our own reality, for example, why now, in this timeline, is science and human consciousness advancing so rapidly. Why not 200 years ago or earlier? It all goes to the program creating grids of experience that correlate with its countdown to zero point or the evolution of the program back to its origins.

No program, TV or otherwise, would be complete without the Nazi grid program and its quest to find Atlantis and create a race of humans with the same genetic markers, biogenetic program experiment metaphors.

It was noted on the show that through the years people have placed Atlantis in at least 20 areas around the world. There are many others, Possible Atlantis Locations

Stone anchors currently found in the Mediterrean, off Greece, match those uncovered from the Bimini Road. (Greek/Egyptian Programs)

What if there was no Atlantis? What if this speaks to us about planet Earth as one land mass, a giant game board, if you will, in which souls experience?

Researchers on the TV program ...

   Dr. Greg Little led a team of researchers on a dive to recover what he believes are Atlantean-era objects at the famed 'Bimini Road' off the coast of Bimini Island. His team included a researcher from the A.R.E. (Edgar Cayce) center in Virginia Beach. Dr. Little believes there was once an unknown maritime culture in the area. Who these ancient mariners were and where they came from remains a mystery. He theorizes that these sailors had transatlantic range, coming from the Canary Islands to the Bahamas, perhaps to trade. Dr. Little believes the artifacts uncovered in his expedition are evidence of this extensive maritime culture in the pre-Columbian Bahamas.

   Edgar Cayce predicted that Atlantis would rise again in 1969. In that time frame the Bimini Road was discovered in the Atlantic Ocean.

   Most of Edgar Cayce's life readings for his clients were assigned to past lives from 'twelve' main periods including Atlantis, ancient Egypt at the time of "Ra Ta".

   American explorer Robert Sarmast, who in 2002 discovered an underwater formation fifty miles off the coast of Cyprus while using side scan sonar, continues his search for Atlantis near the Straits of Gibraltar.

   In Antarctica, Argentine explorer Alex Chionetti sets forth and follows through on his theories that Antarctica was once located closer to the equator, which goes to continental drift and Earth Changes

Morales and the researchers explored Plato's writings concerning the plans for world domination by the Atlanteans who became corrupt with power and knowledge, which led to the destruction of Atlantis. One researcher noted how our unfolding reality parallels that of Atlantis at the time of destruction, an old theory for us metaphysical researchers, parallel grids one above to allow us to tap into the future.

Most people who feel their Atlantean connections, are more interested in the spiritual aspects of Atlantis priest and priestesses, healers and teachers, the end of that program, flood stories, information hidden in crystals, crystal caves (mind), passed down to those of a special bloodline, perhaps alien/Atlantean in origin, biogenetic experiments done on humans, awakening now out of the blue (frequency), as we shift consciousness to another program in blue light. Either you understand this by now, or just keep on exploring until you do.

There have been many locations proposed for the location of mythical Atlantis. Some are more or less serious attempts at legitimate scholarly or archaeological works; others have been made by psychic or other pseudoscientific means.

Many of the proposed sites share some of the characteristics of the Atlantis story (water, catastrophic end, relevant time period), but none have been proven conclusively to be the historical Atlantis.

Most of the historically proposed locations are in or near the Mediterranean Sea, either islands such as Sardinia, Crete and Santorini, Cyprus, Malta, and Ponza or as land based cities or states such as Troy, Tartessos or Tantalus (in the province of Manisa), Turkey, and the new theory of Israel-Sinai or Canaan as possible locations.

The massive Thera eruption, dated either to the 17th or the 15th century BC, caused a massive tsunami that experts hypothesize devastated the Minoan civilization on the nearby island of Crete, further leading some to believe that this may have been the catastrophe which inspired the story.
Locations as far-flung as Antarctica, Indonesia and the Caribbean have been proposed as the true site of Atlantis. The submerged island of Spartel near the Strait of Gibraltar would coincide with some elements of Plato's account, matching both the location and the date of submersion given in the Critias.

In the area of the Black Sea at least three locations have been proposed: Bosporus, Sinop and Ancomah (a legendary place near Trabzon).


The nearby Sea of Azov was proposed as another site in 2003. Various islands or island groups in the Atlantic Ocean were also identified as possible locations, notably the Azores (Mid-Atlantic islands which are a territory of Portugal), and several Caribbean islands.

In Northern Europe, Sweden (by Olof Rudbeck in "Atland", 1672-1702), Ireland, and the North Sea have been proposed (Swedish geographer Ulf Erlingsson combines the North Sea and Ireland in a comprehensive hypothesis).

Areas in the Pacific and Indian Ocean have also been proposed including Indonesia, Malaysia or both (i.e. Sundaland) and stories of a lost continent off India named "Kumari Kandam" have drawn parallels to Atlantis. Even Cuba has been suggested.

The Canary Islands have also been identified as a possible location, west of the Straits of Gibraltar but in close proximity to the Mediterranean Sea. Some believe that Atlantis stretched from the tip of Spain to Central America.


Among those who believe in an historical Atlantis, one common theory holds that Plato's story of the destruction of Atlantis was inspired by massive volcanic eruptions on the Mediterranean island of Santorini during Minoan times. A main criticism of this theory is that the ancient Greeks were well aware of volcanoes, and if there was a volcanic eruption, it would seem likely that it would be mentioned. Solon got his information from Egypt; if we assume that an Ancient Egyptian symbol for "hundred" was mistakenly read as "thousand", that reduces the age and size of Atlantis by a factor of a tenth, and with that alteration Atlantis fits Minoan Crete well. Many people consider this to be the likeliest theory

Robert Sarmast, an American architect, claims to have definitely found the lost city of Atlantis on November 14, 2004, saying that by using sonar scans he was able to find manmade walls that matched the description of the structures described by Plato. The site lies 1,500m deep in the Mediterranean Sea between Cyprus and Syria.

In 2002 the Italian journalist Sergio Frau in his book Le colonne d'Ercole hypothesized that the Pillars of Hercules could be identified not with Gibraltar but with the Sicily Strait between Africa and Sicily, so Atlantis was really Sardinia. A catastrophic event (with a big wave) eradicated from Sardinia the ancient and still enigmatic Nuragic civilization. The few survivors migrated to the near Italian peninsula, founding the Etruscan civilization, the base for the later Roman civilization.

Dr Anton Mifsud who, with co-authors Simon Mifsud, Chris Agius Sultana and Charles Savona Ventura, published Malta Echoes of Plato's Island also added another recent theory.Their book is the product of thoughtful and profound research about the archeological sites and ancient remains related to Atlantis. Frances Galea in his book Malta Fdal Atlantis also wrote about the results of his lifelong research on several ancient studies and known theories on Atlantis, particularly that of Giorgio Grongnet, the renowned Maltese architect, who in 1854 claimed that the Maltese Islands are the remnants of Atlantis.

Another recent theory is based on a recreation of the geography of the Mediterranean at the time of Atlantis' supposed existence. Plato states that Atlantis was located beyond the Pillars of Hercules, the name given to the Strait of Gibraltar linking the Mediterranean to the Atlantic Ocean. 11,000 years ago the sea level in the area was some 130 metres lower, exposing a number of islands in the strait. One of these, Spartel, could have been Atlantis, though there are a number of inconsistencies with Plato's account.

The geologist Eberhard Zangger has proposed the theory that Atlantis was in fact the city state of Troy. He both agrees and disagrees with Rainer W. Kuhne: He believes too that the Trojans-Atlanteans were the sea peoples, but only a minor part of them. He proposes that all Greek speaking city states of the Aegean civilization or Mycenae constituted the sea peoples and that they destroyed each other's economies in a series of semi-fratricidal wars lasting several decades.

(Manisa province in Turkey)British archaeologist Peter James took a clue from Plato's mention of king Tantalus, and investigated the city of Tantalis (also Tantalos) in the province of Manisa, Turkey. In addition to having very similar sounding anagram names, numerous inscriptions and ancient writings from the region matched the Atlantis story. Tantalis, formerly a wealthy city state, was destroyed when a powerful earthquake struck and caused a lake to flood the city.

A theory by Juan Fernandez Amador de los Rios (1919), Jurgen Spanuth (1953), Georgeos Diaz-Montexano (2000) Atlantis Discovery, Rainer W. Kuhne (2003) suggests that the Atlanteans were the Sea Peoples who attacked the Eastern Mediterranean countries around 1200 BC. The city and state of Atlantis were located in Andalucia, 50 kilometers southwest of Seville. Recent satellite photos show two rectangular structures which may be interpreted by Werner Wickboldt (2002) and Rainer W. Kuhne (2003) as the "temple of Poseidon" and "the temple of Cleito and Poseidon".



German researchers Siegfried and Christian Schoppe locate Atlantis in the Black Sea: Before 5500 BC there was a great plain in the northwest at a former freshwater-lake. 5510 BC the barrier at today's Bosporus broke due to the rising sea level of the world-ocean. The Pillars of Hercules are identical with the Strait of Bosporus. Oreichalcos means the obsidian stone that used to be a cash-equivalent at that time and was replaced by the spondylus shell around 5500 BC. The geocatastrophic event led to the neolithic diaspora in Europe, also beginning 5500 BC.

In 2000AD Robert Ballard in a small submarine found remains of human habitation around 300 feet underwater in the Black Sea off the north coast of Turkey. The area flooded around 5000BC. This flood may have inspired the Biblical story of Noah's Ark; but the area need not be Atlantis.



Finnish pseudohistorian Ior Bock locates Atlantis to the southern part of Finland where he claims a small community of people lived during the Ice Age. This is a small part of a large saga that he claims to have been told in his family through the ages. Dating back to the development of language itself.



The most recent speculation is published in the book Atlantis From a Geographer's Perspective: Mapping the Fairy Land (ISBN 0975594605) by Swedish geographer Dr. Ulf Erlingsson from University of Uppsala. It proposes that Atlantis actually referred to Ireland which fits closely in geographic and landmark descriptions. Ireland has not sunk beneath the sea, but the Dogger Bank shoal was an island which sank in the North Sea about 6100 B.C. as the world sea level rose as the Ice Age icecaps melted. Some related theories place the location of Atlantis between Britain and France on the Celtic Shelf. This theory was first developed seriously by Lewis Spence and has been recently revived by some oceanographers.

Geological studies of the mid-Atlantic fail to demonstrate that the continent of Atlantis existed there. However, the geology of the Atlantic Ocean does not exclude the possibility of a sunken island. If such an island existed it would have been much smaller than the island continent of Australia. Plato never claimed that a whole continent disappeared. He referenced a sunken island in front of another continent. One of the more likely places then would be around the Azores Islands which are a group of islands belonging to Portugal located about 900 miles (1500 km) west of the Portugese coast. Some people believe the islands could be the mountain tops of Atlantis.


Recent underwater discoveries off the west coast of Cuba have led some to speculate on an Atlantean connection. However, even before these discoveries were announced, author Andrew Collins had explored the Cuba connection in a book titled "Gateway to Atlantis." Collins supports his hypothesis with a great deal of indirect but compelling historical and geographical evidence. He finally suggests present-day Isle of Youth and the shallow sea bottom that surrounds it as a possible location for Atlantis.


Not all geologists deny the possibility of a sunken island in Central America. After the Charles Berlitz book The Mystery of Atlantis, a Canadian Hungarian geologist-topographer's book was published, entitled Atlantis: The Seven Seals. The author, Z.A. Simon, called the attention to these controversies. He included some supporting conclusions of Dr. J. Manson Valentine, M. Dmitri Ribikoff, E. Umland and C. Umland, Robert B. Stacy-Judd, Dr. David Zink, John P. Cohane, Peter Tompkins, Pino Turolla, Captain Alexander, Francis Hitching, James Bailey, Dr. C.J. Cazeau, Dr. S.D. Scott, Brad Steiger and William R. Fix.

The June 1981 edition of Marine Geology shows some radiocarbon dates on mangrove peat, based on the estimate of Broecker and Kulp, listing dates between 5590 and 3680 BC, with connection of the gradual sinking of the Florida-Bimini region. Most recently the rate of the sea level's rise has slowed to 4.5 in (114 mm) per century. Prior to that time it was one foot per century. Near Andros Island, underwater explorer Jacques Cousteau found a huge submerged cave 165 ft (50 m) beneath the surface.

There are stalactites and stalagmites in it, that can be formed in the open air only. Marine sediments on the walls of the grotto enabled scientists to estimate its submersion around or after 10,000 BC. The submarine topography of the Bahamian region shown in the huge Russian Atlas Mira by detailed isobaths, catches the attention of a topographer. The sea floor on the northern side of Cuba, Haiti and Puerto Rico indicates a definite system of submerged valleys of ancient rivers, combined with sunken mountain ranges. The "Tongue of the Ocean" at Andros Island is undoubtedly an underwater ravine caused by terrible tectonic forces, surrounded by almost vertical walls, as a "memento" of the catastrophe. The main problem with this theory is that Atlantis was supposed to have submerged rapidly, following an earthquake.

Z.A. Simon offers an "accurate" map of Plato's rectangular island with its given dimensions as 2,000 by 3,000 stadia, overlaying its outline on the suspected ancient irregular shoreline of that traditional island in the Bahamas region. (An Attic stadium corresponds to 177.6 m)


Prof. Arysio Nunes dos Santos, Ph. D. in Nuclear Physics; Free-Docent, and Professor of Nuclear Physics at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, has been researching on Atlantis for almost 30 years now, pointing out that "Atlantis was never found because we have all been looking in the wrong places". The reason for this, according to Prof. Santos, is that when Plato spoke of the Ocean of Atlantis, he was not speaking of the ocean that we today call Atlantic Ocean, but of the whole ocean that encircles Eurasia and Africa.

Prof. Santos hence concludes that Atlantis is really located in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, which was considered to be the eastward extension the modern Atlantic Ocean. The modern Atlantic Ocean was once deemed to extend all the way to the East Indies, a conception which lasted down to the times of Christopher Columbus and other Renaissance explorers and geographers. Despite the prevalent opinion of experts of all sorts that "continents cannot possibly sink", Prof. Santos managed to discover a whole sunken continent in the region of Indonesia, which he identifies with the Lost Continent of Atlantis, as can be seen in the detailed map published in his Atlantis site.

Prof. Santos hence concludes that Atlantis is really located in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, which was considered to be the eastward extension the modern Atlantic Ocean. The modern Atlantic Ocean was once deemed to extend all the way to the East Indies, a conception which lasted down to the times of Christopher Columbus and other Renaissance explorers and geographers. Despite the prevalent opinion of experts of all sorts that "continents cannot possibly sink", Prof. Santos managed to discover a whole sunken continent in the region of Indonesia, which he identifies with the Lost Continent of Atlantis, as can be seen in the detailed map published in his Atlantis site.

In February 2005, Canberra-based independent researcher Raimy Che-Ross, announced to the world that he had found a lost city in the unsunken Malaysian portion of the lost continent. A well funded expedition is now underway involving a large ground team of experts and Malaysia Centre For Remote Sensing (Macres) satellites. The Malaysian Department of Museums and Antiquities has been instructed to report their findings by August 2005.


In South India and Sri Lanka there is a reputed "Kumari Kandam" (kandam means "continent" in Tamil), believed to be submerged under the sea. This continent is surrounded by legendary stories similar to those of Atlantis. It has been called the "cradle of Dravidians". Also, there has been some people linking the "Kumari continent" to Lemuria.

In the Gulf of Cambay, there is an archeological submarine site of a former island named Dwaraka, which is mainly associated with locations in Indian mythology (especially in the Mahabharata), which has also appeared in discussions about Atlantis. But its date (about 1,500 BC) is too recent to correspond to the real site of Atlantis, according to Plato's date of 9,600 BC.


A seemingly bizarre hypothesis that the city of Atlantis was in Antarctica has typically received incredulous reactions from the scientific community. Under this theory, all continents and oceans shifted as one, causing the ancient south pole to be over ocean, liberating a considerable portion of Antarctica from its current ice sheet, yielding ideal conditions for human habitation. To back up this theory, controversial claims of precipitation-ice sheet thickness mismatches; new methods of translating Plato's text; and native flood stories from all sorts of different cultures around the world back up this controversial claim. However, due to the nature of finding and then excavating sites in Antarctica, not much followup research is immediately possible with such limited funding given public awareness of this hypothesis. Also, it is questionable that such a widespread ecological catastrophe in the form of an extreme geologic process could occur in such a short time period and leave relatively little evidence.

Ponza has many similarities to the Atlantis legend. Legend say that Ponza was the lost island of Tyrhenia which was large and had a city at it's edge. It was connected by land to the Italian mainland near Naples (Napoli). A volcano exploded and the island sunk leaving only the mountain top which is now called Ponza. Near Naples is Pozzuoli where Roman Temples in the harbor rose above water in the late 1960's due to volcanic processes.



Atlantis has also been the subject of such films as the 1961 Atlantis, the Lost Continent, Disney's 2001 animated feature Atlantis: The Lost Empire, Gainax's Anime series Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water, the French film Atlantis by Luc Besson (1991) - in fact an underwater wildlife documentary, the Stargate SG-1 TV show spin-off Stargate Atlantis, the book Atlantis Found by Clive Cussler and many others. A complete listing of the appearances of Atlantis in modern media would be too extensive to include here. Jules Verne's classic 20,000 Leagues Under The Sea also included a visit to sunken Atlantis aboard Captain Nemo's submarine Nautilus. One film set in times before Classical Greece arose shows shipwrecked Greek sailors in the Atlantic being rescued by a modern-looking submarine which was based on Atlantis.

In the DC universe, both Aquaman and Lori Lemaris - among others - were said to have come from a sunken Atlantis.

In Lori Lemaris's case, her people survived by becoming mermaids and mermen.

In the Marvel Universe, the people live in a similar manner, as blue-skinned water breathers with Prince Namor the Sub-Mariner as their ruler.

In the book Celestial Matters, the Hellenistic civilization calls Amerindians "Atlanteans".

In the role-playing game Rifts, Atlantis is a continent in the Atlantic west of the Caribbean that rises back out of the sea in the far future. Besides the fairylike Atlanteans, Rifts' Atlantis is peopled by alien colonists called the Splugorth, who enslave humans for sale on interdimensional markets.

Atlantis was also the subject of the PC-based Adventure game, Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis, published by LucasArts. In the game, Indiana races the Nazis to find Atlantis and to stop them from discovering the secrets of orichalcum.

In the videogame Tomb Raider, adventurer and treasure hunter Lara Croft's quest ultimately leads her to the buried ruins of Atlantis. Her employer turns out to be an Atlantean herself, having been imprisoned for the past 10,000 years in suspended animation and now seeking to reclaim the powers of her people for her own benefit.

In the Pendragon Cycle series of books, the survivors of Atlantis ("fairies") journey to Britain where, among other places, they settle in Lyonesse and Avalon. Morgan le Fay, the Lady of the Lake, and the Fisher King are all Atlanteans, and Merlin is the son of an Atlantean princess and a Celtic Druid.

In Stargate Atlantis, taken place at the end of season 7 of Stargate SG-1 (The Lost City), the SGC finds out that the city known as Atlantis was a city of technology and science, which left the planet for another galaxy, the Pegasus Galaxy. Under the command of Doctor Elizabeth Weir, she and her expedition team set out to explore and find this city and if there are any Ancients remaining, learning that there are none. They venture off to find a new energy source within the Pegasus Galaxy for the trip back to Earth, only to encounter an alien race which defeated the powerful Ancients, known as The Wraith.